F. Alobaid and B. Epple, Improvement, validation and application of CFD/DEM Model to Dense Gas-solid Flow in a Fluidized Bed, Particuology, vol.2013, issue.5, pp.514-526

H. T. Bi, J. Zhou, S. Z. Qin, and J. R. Grace, Annnular wall layer thickness in circulating fluidized bed risers, Can.J.Chem.Eng, vol.74, pp.811-814, 1996.

J. Chaouki, F. Larachi, and M. Dudukovié, Radioactive particle tracking in multiphase reactors: principles and applications, Non-invasive Monit. Multiph. Flows, p.335, 1997.

P. A. Cundall and O. D. Strack, A discrete numerical model for granular assemblies, Geotechnique, vol.29, pp.47-65, 1979.

J. F. Dietiker, Multiphase Flow with Interphase eXchanges: Cartesian Grid User Guide, 2015.

J. F. Dietiker, C. Guenther, and M. Syamlal, A Cartesian cut cell method for gas/solids flow, AIChE annual meeting, 2009.

K. Dubrawski, S. Tebianian, H. T. Bi, J. Chaouki, N. Ellis et al., Traveling column for comparison of invasive and non-invasive fluidization voidage measurement techniques, Powder Technol, vol.235, pp.203-220, 2013.

S. Elghobashi, On Predicting particle-laden turbulent flows, Appl. Sci. Res, vol.52, issue.4, pp.309-329, 1994.

S. Elghobashi, An updated classification map of particle-laden turbulent flows, IUTAM Symposium on Computational Approaches to Multiphase Flow, pp.3-10, 2006.

R. Garg, J. Galvin, T. Li, and S. Pannala, Open-source MFIX-DEM software for gas-solids flows: Part I-Verification Studies, Powder Technol, vol.220, pp.122-137, 2012.

P. Gopalakrishnan and D. Tafti, Development of parallel DEM for the open source code MFIX, Powder Technol, vol.235, pp.33-41, 2013.

R. S. Karri and J. Werther, Gas distributor and plenum design in fluidized beds, Handbook of fluidization and fluid-particle systems, 2003.

M. P. Kirkpatrick, S. W. Armfield, and J. H. Kent, A Representation of curved boundaries for the solution of the Navier-Stokes equations on a staggered three-dimensional Cartesian grid, J. Comput. Phys, vol.184, issue.1, pp.1-36, 2003.

T. W. Leadbeater, D. J. Parker, and J. Gargiuli, Positron imaging systems for studying particulate, granular and multiphase flows, Particuology, vol.2012, issue.2, pp.146-153

T. Li, R. Garg, J. Galvin, and S. Pannala, Open-source MFIX-DEM software for gas-solids Flows: Part II-Validation Studies, Powder Technol, vol.220, pp.138-150, 2012.

T. Li, Validation of a 2.5D CFD model for cylindrical gas-solids fluidized beds, Powder Technol, vol.286, pp.817-827, 2015.

H. Liu, D. K. Tafti, and T. Li, Hybrid parallelism in MFIX CFD-DEM using OpenMP, Powder Technol, vol.259, pp.22-29, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.powtec.2014.03.047

L. Lu, J. Xu, W. Ge, Y. Yue, X. Liu et al., EMMS-based discrete particle method (EMMS-DPM) for simulation of gas-solid flows, Chem. Eng. Sci, vol.120, pp.67-87, 2014.

L. Lu, J. Xu, W. Ge, G. Gao, Y. Jiang et al., Computer virtual experiment on fluidized beds using a coarse-grained discrete particle methodEMMS-DPM, Chem. Eng. Sci, vol.155, pp.314-337, 2016.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ces.2016.08.013

L. Lu, Y. Xu, T. Li, and S. Benyahia, Assessment of different coarse graining strategies to simulate polydisperse gas-solids flow, Submitt. to Chem. Eng. Sci, 2017.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ces.2018.01.003

G. S. Patience and J. Chaouki, Gas Phase Hydrodynamics in the riser of a circulating fluidized bed, Chem. Eng. Sci, vol.48, issue.18, pp.3195-3205, 1993.

M. Sakai, M. Abe, Y. Shigeto, S. Mizutani, H. Takahashi et al., Verification and validation of a coarse grain model of the DEM in a bubbling fluidized bed, Chem. Eng. J, vol.244, pp.33-43, 2014.

M. Syamlal, W. ;. Rogers, and T. J. O'brien, MFIX Documentation: Theory Guide, 1993.
DOI : 10.2172/10145548

S. Tebianian, Comparison of alternative advanced experimental techniques for measurement of hydrodynamic characteristics of gas-fluidized beds, 2015.

S. Tebianian, K. Dubrawski, N. Ellis, R. A. Cocco, R. Hays et al., Investigation of particle velocity in FCC gas-fluidized beds based on different measurement techniques, Chem. Eng. Sci, vol.127, pp.310-322, 2015.

S. Tebianian, N. Ellis, P. Lettieri, J. R. Grace, and . X-ray, Imaging for flow characterization and investigation of invasive probe interference in travelling fluidized bed, Chem. Eng. Res. Des, vol.104, pp.191-202, 2015.

S. Tebianian, K. Dubrawski, N. Ellis, R. A. Cocco, R. Hays et al., Comparison of particle velocity measurement techniques in a fluidized bed operating in the square-nosed slugging flow regime, Powder Technol, vol.296, pp.45-52, 2016.

S. Tebianian, K. Dubrawski, N. Ellis, R. A. Cocco, R. Hays et al., Solids flux measurements via alternate techniques in a gas-fluidized bed, Chem. Eng. J, vol.306, pp.306-321, 2016.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cej.2016.07.058

M. A. Van-der-hoef, M. Ye, M. Van-sint-annaland, A. T. Andrews, S. Sundaresan et al., Multiscale modeling of gas-fluidized beds, Adv. Chem. Eng, vol.31, pp.65-149, 2006.

V. K. Verma, N. G. Deen, J. T. Padding, and J. A. Kuipers, Two-fluid modeling of three dimensional cylindrical gas-solid fluidized beds using the kinetic theory of granular flow, Chem. Eng. Sci, vol.102, pp.227-245, 2013.

V. Verma, T. Li, and J. De-wilde, Coarse-grained discrete particle simulations of particle segregation in rotating fluidized beds in vortex chambers, Powder Technol, vol.318, pp.282-292, 2017.

Y. Xu, J. T. Padding, M. A. Van-der-hoef, and J. A. Kuipers, Detailed numerical simulation of an intruder impacting on a granular bed using a hybrid discrete particle and immersed boundary (DP-IB) method, Chem. Eng. Sci, vol.104, pp.201-207, 2013.

Y. Xu, J. T. Padding, and J. A. Kuipers, Numerical investigation of the vertical plunging force of a spherical intruder into a prefluidized granular bed, Phys. Rev. E-Stat. Nonlinear, Soft Matter Phys, issue.6, p.90, 2014.

Y. Xu, T. Li, J. Musser, X. Liu, G. Xu et al., CFD-DEM modeling the effect of column size and bed height on minimum fluidization velocity in micro fluidized beds with Geldart B particles, Powder Technol, p.318, 2017.

Y. Xu, J. Musser, T. Li, B. Gopalan, R. Panday et al., Numerical simulation and experimental study of the gas-solid flow behavior inside a full-loop circulating fluidized bed: Evaluation of different drag models, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res, 2017.

Y. Xu, J. Musser, T. Li, J. T. Padding, and W. A. Rogers, Particles climbing along a vertically vibrating tube: numerical simulation using the Discrete Element Method (DEM), Powder Technol, vol.320, pp.304-312, 2017.